Method and apparatus for coding image using adaptation parameter set

ABSTRACT

A video decoding/decoding method and apparatus according to the present disclosure may obtain a transform coefficient of a current block, obtain an inverse-quantized transform coefficient by performing inverse-quantization on a transform coefficient based on a quantization-related parameter of an adaptation parameter set, and reconstruct a residual block of a current block based on an inverse-quantized transform coefficient.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of the PCT ApplicationNo. PCT/KR2020/006704, filed May 22, 2020, which claims the benefit of,and priority to, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0060975, filedMay 24, 2019, both of which are incorporated by reference herein intheir entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a video encoding/decoding method andapparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

As a demand for high-resolution and high-definition video has recentlyincreased, a need for a high-efficiency video compression technology fornext-generation video services has emerged. Based on this need, ISO/IECMPEG and ITU-T VCEG, which jointly standardized H.264/AVC and HEVC videocompression standards, formed JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team) andconducted research and exploration to establish a new video compressionstandard from October 2015. In April 2018, a new video compressionstandardization was started with an evaluation of a responses to a newvideo compression standard CfP (Call for Proposal).

In a video compression technique, a block division structure means aunit that performs encoding and decoding, and a unit to which majorencoding and decoding techniques such as prediction and transformationare applied. As video compression technology develops, the size ofblocks for encoding and decoding is gradually increasing, and morevarious division types are supported as a block division type. Inaddition, video compression is performed using not only units forencoding and decoding, but also units subdivided according to the roleof blocks.

In the HEVC standard, video encoding and decoding are performed using aunit block subdivided according to a quad-tree type block divisionstructure and a role for prediction and transformation. In addition tothe quad-tree type block division structure, various types of blockdivision structures such as QTBT (Quad Tree plus Binary Tree) in theform of combining a quad-tree and a binary-tree, and MTT (Multi-TypeTree) in which a triple-tree is combined therewith have been proposed toimprove video coding efficiency. Through the support of various blocksizes and various types of block division structures, one picture isdivided into multiple blocks, and information in units of coding unitssuch as a coding mode, motion information, and intra predictiondirection information corresponding to each block is expressed invarious ways, so the number of bits expressing this is increasingsignificantly.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present disclosure is to improve coding efficiency of avideo signal.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and anapparatus for efficiently defining/managing various parameters to beapplied in units of pictures or slices.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and anapparatus for obtaining a scaling list forquantization/inverse-quantization.

Technical Solution

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides avideo coding method and apparatus using an adaptation parameter set.

A video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure may obtain a transform coefficient of a current block bydecoding a bitstream, and obtain an inverse-quantized transformcoefficient by performing inverse-quantization on the obtained transformcoefficient based on a quantization-related parameter included in thebitstream, and reconstruct a residual block of the current block basedon the inverse-quantized transform coefficient. Here, thequantization-related parameter may be obtained from an adaptationparameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the obtaining the inverse-quantized transform coefficientcomprises: obtaining a scaling list for the inverse-quantization basedon the quantization-related parameter, deriving a scaling factor basedon the scaling list and a predetermined weight, and applying the derivedscaling factor to the transform coefficient.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the quantization-related parameter may include at least oneof a copy mode flag, a prediction mode flag, a delta identifier, ordifferential coefficient information.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the weight may be obtained from a weight candidate listpre-defined in the decoding apparatus.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the number of weight candidate lists pre-defined in thedecoding apparatus is two or more, and one of weight candidate lists maybe selectively used based on an encoding parameter of the current block.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the adaptation parameter set is a syntax structure includinga parameter set to be used in a predetermined image unit, and theparameter set includes at least one of an adaptive loop filter(ALF)-related parameter, a mapping model-related parameter for areshaper (luma mapping with chroma scaling), or the quantization-relatedparameter.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the adaptation parameter set may further include at leastone of an identifier for the adaptation parameter set or adaptationparameter set type information.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the same identifier is allocated to different adaptationparameter set types, and the adaptation parameter sets may be managedusing different lists for each adaptation parameter set type.

A video encoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure may obtain a transform coefficient of a current block,perform inverse-quantization on the transform coefficient based on apredetermined quantization-related parameter to obtain aninverse-quantized transform coefficient, and reconstruct a residualblock of the current block based on the inverse-quantized transformcoefficient. Here, the quantization-related parameter may be transmittedin an adaptation parameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

A computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream decoded by thevideo decoding method according to the present disclosure, the videodecoding method comprising: decoding the bitstream to obtain a transformcoefficient of a current block, obtaining an inverse-quantized transformcoefficient by performing inverse-quantization on the obtained transformcoefficient based on a quantization-related parameter included in thebitstream, and reconstructing a residual block of the current blockbased on the inverse-quantized transform coefficient. Here, thequantization-related parameter may be obtained from an adaptationparameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

Advantageous Effects

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to improve videosignal coding efficiency by using an adaptation parameter set.

According to the present disclosure, various parameters for eachadaptation parameter set type (APS type) can be effectively managed byusing the adaptation parameter set.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to efficientlyobtain a scaling list for quantization/inverse-quantization throughvarious modes.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an image encoding apparatus accordingto the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an image decoding apparatus accordingto the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a syntax table of an adaptation parameterset (APS).

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a syntax table for transmission andparsing of a quantization-related parameter.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a method for reconstructing a residualblock based on a quantization-related parameter.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an APS syntax table towhich an APS type for weight prediction is added.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an APS syntaxtable to which an APS type for weight prediction is added.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an APS syntaxtable to which an APS type for weight prediction is added.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a syntax table fortransmission and parsing a parameter for weight prediction.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an APS syntax tableto which an APS type for a block division structure is added.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show embodiments of a syntax table for parameters for ablock structure additionally signaled or parsed when the current APStype is a parameter for a block division structure.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a part of a syntax table for a sliceheader in order to show an embodiment of APS signaling or parsing for ablock division structure in the slice header.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a concept of managing an APS usingdifferent lists according to APS types.

BEST MODE FOR INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides avideo coding method and apparatus using an adaptation parameter set.

A video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure may obtain a transform coefficient of a current block bydecoding a bitstream, and obtain an inverse-quantized transformcoefficient by performing inverse-quantization on the obtained transformcoefficient based on a quantization-related parameter included in thebitstream, and reconstruct a residual block of the current block basedon the inverse-quantized transform coefficient. Here, thequantization-related parameter may be obtained from an adaptationparameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the obtaining the inverse-quantized transform coefficientcomprises: obtaining a scaling list for the inverse-quantization basedon the quantization-related parameter, deriving a scaling factor basedon the scaling list and a predetermined weight, and applying the derivedscaling factor to the transform coefficient.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the quantization-related parameter may include at least oneof a copy mode flag, a prediction mode flag, a delta identifier, ordifferential coefficient information.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the weight may be obtained from a weight candidate listpre-defined in the decoding apparatus.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the number of weight candidate lists pre-defined in thedecoding apparatus is two or more, and one of weight candidate lists maybe selectively used based on an encoding parameter of the current block.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the adaptation parameter set is a syntax structure includinga parameter set to be used in a predetermined image unit, and theparameter set includes at least one of an adaptive loop filter(ALF)-related parameter, a mapping model-related parameter for areshaper (luma mapping with chroma scaling), or the quantization-relatedparameter.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the adaptation parameter set may further include at leastone of an identifier for the adaptation parameter set or adaptationparameter set type information.

In the video decoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure, the same identifier is allocated to different adaptationparameter set types, and the adaptation parameter sets may be managedusing different lists for each adaptation parameter set type.

A video encoding method and apparatus according to the presentdisclosure may obtain a transform coefficient of a current block,perform inverse-quantization on the transform coefficient based on apredetermined quantization-related parameter to obtain aninverse-quantized transform coefficient, and reconstruct a residualblock of the current block based on the inverse-quantized transformcoefficient. Here, the quantization-related parameter may be transmittedin an adaptation parameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

A computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream decoded by thevideo decoding method according to the present disclosure, the videodecoding method comprising: decoding the bitstream to obtain a transformcoefficient of a current block, obtaining an inverse-quantized transformcoefficient by performing inverse-quantization on the obtained transformcoefficient based on a quantization-related parameter included in thebitstream, and reconstructing a residual block of the current blockbased on the inverse-quantized transform coefficient. Here, thequantization-related parameter may be obtained from an adaptationparameter set (APS) of the bitstream.

MODE FOR INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the presentspecification so that those of ordinary skill in the art may easilyimplement the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure may beimplemented in various different forms and is not limited to theembodiments described herein. In the drawings, parts irrelevant to thedescription are omitted in order to clearly describe the presentdisclosure, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar partsthroughout the specification.

Throughout this specification, when a certain part is said to be‘connected’ with another part, this includes not only the case where itis directly connected, but also the case where it is electricallyconnected with another element in the middle. In addition, in the entirespecification, when a certain part “includes” a certain component, itmeans that other components may be further included rather thanexcluding other components unless otherwise stated.

The terms ‘step (to)˜’ or ‘step of ˜’ as used throughout thisspecification does not mean ‘step for ˜’. In addition, terms such asfirst and second may be used to describe various elements, but theelements should not be limited to the terms. The above terms are usedonly for the purpose of distinguishing one component from anothercomponent.

In addition, the components shown in the embodiment of the presentdisclosure are shown independently to represent different characteristicfunctions, it does not mean that each component is made of separatehardware or a single software component unit. That is, each componentunit is described by being listed as a respective component unit forconvenience of description, and at least two of the component units arecombined to form one component unit, or one component unit may bedivided into a plurality of component units to perform a function. Anintegrated embodiment and a separate embodiment of each of thesecomponents are also included in the scope of the present disclosure aslong as they do not depart from the essence of the present disclosure.

In the various embodiments of the present disclosure described hereinbelow, terms such as “˜ unit”, “˜ group”, “˜ unit”, “˜ module”, and “˜block” mean units that process at least one function or operation, andthey may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination ofhardware and software.

In addition, a coding block refers to a processing unit of a set oftarget pixels on which encoding and decoding are currently performed,and may be used interchangeably as a coding block and a coding unit. Inaddition, the coding unit refers to a coding unit (CU) and may begenerically referred to including a coding block (CB).

In addition, quad-tree division refers to that one block is divided intofour independent coding units, and binary division refers to that oneblock is divided into two independent coding units. In addition, ternarydivision refers to that one block is divided into three independentcoding units in a 1:2:1 ratio.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an image encoding apparatus accordingto the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, a video encoding apparatus 100 may include: apicture dividing module 110, prediction modules 120 and 125, a transformmodule 130, a quantization module 135, a rearrangement module 160, anentropy encoding module 165, an inverse quantization module 140, aninverse transform module 145, a filter module 150, and a memory 155.

A picture dividing module 110 may divide an input picture into one ormore processing units. Herein, the processing unit may be a predictionunit (PU), a transform unit (TU), or a coding unit (CU). Hereinafter, inan embodiment of the present disclosure, a coding unit may be used as aunit that performs encoding or a unit that performs decoding.

A prediction unit may be resulting from dividing one coding unit into atleast one square or non-square of the same size, and it may be dividedsuch that one prediction unit among prediction units divided within onecoding unit has a different shape and/or size from another predictionunit. When it is not a minimum coding unit in generating a predictionunit which performs intra prediction based on a coding unit, intraprediction may be performed without dividing the coding unit into aplurality of prediction units N×N.

Prediction modules 120 and 125 may include an inter prediction module120 performing inter prediction and an intra prediction module 125performing intra prediction. Whether to perform inter prediction orintra prediction for a prediction unit may be determined, and detailedinformation (e.g., an intra prediction mode, a motion vector, areference picture, etc.) according to each prediction method may bedetermined. A residual value (residual block) between a generatedprediction block and an original block may be input to a transformmodule 130. In addition, prediction mode information, motion vectorinformation, etc. used for prediction may be encoded together with aresidual value by an entropy encoding module 165 and may be transmittedto a decoder. However, when a motion information derivation techniquefrom the side of a decoder according to the present disclosure isapplied, since an encoder does not generate prediction mode informationand motion vector information, the corresponding information is nottransmitted to the decoder. On the other hand, it is possible for anencoder to signal and transmit information indicating that motioninformation is derived and used from the side of a decoder andinformation on a technique used for inducing the motion information.

A inter prediction module 120 may predict a prediction unit based oninformation of at least one of a previous picture or a subsequentpicture of a current picture, or may predict a prediction unit based oninformation of some encoded regions in the current picture, in somecases. As the inter prediction mode, various methods such as a mergemode, an advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode, an affine mode,a current picture referencing mode, and a combined prediction mode maybe used. In the merge mode, at least one motion vector amongspatial/temporal merge candidates may be set as a motion vector of thecurrent block, and inter prediction may be performed using the setmotion vector. However, even in the merge mode, the preset motion vectormay be corrected by adding an additional motion vector difference value(MVD) to the preset motion vector. In this case, the corrected motionvector may be used as the final motion vector of the current block,which will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 15. The affinemode is a method of dividing a current block into predeterminedsub-block units and performing inter prediction using a motion vectorderived for each sub-block unit. Here, the sub-block unit is representedby NxM, and N and M may be integers of 4, 8, 16 or more, respectively.The shape of the sub-block may be square or non-square. The sub-blockunit may be a fixed one that is pre-promised to the encoding apparatus,or may be variably determined in consideration of the size/shape of thecurrent block, the component type, and the like. The current picturereferencing mode is an inter prediction method using a pre-reconstructedregion in the current picture to which the current block belongs and apredetermined block vector, which will be described in detail withreference to FIGS. 9 to 14. In the combined prediction mode, a firstprediction block through inter prediction and a second prediction blockthrough intra prediction are respectively generated for one currentblock, and a predetermined weight is applied to the first and secondprediction blocks to generate the final prediction block of the currentblock. Here, the inter prediction may be performed using any one of theabove-described inter prediction modes. The intra prediction may beperformed using only an intra prediction mode (e.g., any one of a planarmode, a DC mode, a vertical/horizontal mode, and a diagonal mode) presetin the encoding apparatus. Alternatively, the intra prediction mode forthe intra prediction may be derived based on the intra prediction modeof a neighboring block (e.g., at least one of left, top, top-left,top-right, and bottom-right) adjacent to the current block. In thiscase, the number of neighboring blocks to be used may be fixed to one ortwo, or may be three or more. Even when all of the above-describedneighboring blocks are available, only one of the left neighboring blockor the top neighboring block may be limited to be used, or only the leftand top neighboring blocks may be limited to be used. The weight may bedetermined in consideration of whether the aforementioned neighboringblock is a block coded in an intra-mode. It is assumed that a weight w1is applied to the first prediction block and a weight w2 is applied tothe second prediction block. In this case, when both the left/topneighboring blocks are blocks coded in the intra mode, w1 may be anatural number less than w2. For example, a ratio of w1 and w2 may be[1:3]. When neither of the left/top neighboring blocks is a block codedin the intra mode, w1 may be a natural number greater than w2. Forexample, a ratio of w1 and w2 may be [3:1]. When only one of theleft/top neighboring blocks is a block coded in the intra mode, w1 maybe set to be the same as w2.

The inter prediction module 120 may include a reference pictureinterpolation module, a motion prediction module, and a motioncompensation module.

A reference picture interpolation module may receive reference pictureinformation from a memory 155 and may generate pixel information on aninteger pixel or less than the integer pixel from the reference picture.In the case of luma pixels, an 8-tap DCT-based interpolation filterhaving different filter coefficients may be used to generate pixelinformation on an integer pixel or less than the integer pixel in a unitof a ¼ pixel. In the case of chroma signals, a 4-tap DCT-basedinterpolation filter having different filter coefficients may be used togenerate pixel information on an integer pixel or less than the integerpixel in a unit of a ⅛ pixel.

A motion prediction module may perform motion prediction based on areference picture interpolated by a reference picture interpolationmodule. As a method for obtaining a motion vector, various methods suchas a full search-based block matching algorithm (FBMA), a three stepsearch (TSS), and a new three-step search algorithm (NTS) may be used. Amotion vector may have a motion vector value in a unit of a ½ pixel or a¼ pixel based on an interpolated pixel. A motion prediction module maypredict a current prediction unit by using various motion predictionmethods.

An intra prediction module 125 may generate a prediction unit based onreference pixel information neighboring to a current block which ispixel information in the current picture. When a neighboring block of acurrent prediction unit is a block on which inter prediction has beenperformed and a reference pixel is a pixel on which inter prediction hasbeen performed, a reference pixel included in a block on which interprediction has been performed may be replaced with reference pixelinformation of a neighboring block on which intra prediction has beenperformed. In other words, when a reference pixel is not available,information on a reference pixel that is not available may be replacedwith at least one reference pixel among available reference pixels.

In addition, a residual block including residual information that is adifference between a prediction unit on which prediction has beenperformed based on the prediction unit generated by prediction modules120 and 125 and an original block of the prediction unit may begenerated. The generated residual block may be input to a transformmodule 130.

A transform module 130 may transform a residual block including residualinformation between an original block and a prediction unit generated byprediction modules 120 and 125 using a transform method such as discretecosine transform (DCT), discrete sine transform (DST), and KLT. Whetherto apply DCT, DST, or KLT in order to transform a residual block may bedetermined based on intra prediction mode information of a predictionunit used to generate a residual block.

A quantization module 135 may quantize values transformed to a frequencydomain by a transform module 130. Quantization coefficients may varydepending on a block or importance of a picture. The values calculatedby a quantization module 135 may be provided to an inverse quantizationmodule 140 and a rearrangement module 160.

A rearrangement module 160 may rearrange coefficient values on quantizedresidual values.

A rearrangement module 160 may change coefficients in the form of atwo-dimensional block into coefficients in the form of a one-dimensionalvector through a coefficient scanning method. For example, arearrangement module 160 may scan from DC coefficients to coefficientsin a high frequency domain using zig-zag scanning method so as to changethe coefficients to be in the form of a one-dimensional vector.Depending on a size of a transform unit and an intra prediction mode,vertical scanning where coefficients in the form of a two-dimensionalblock are scanned in a column direction or horizontal scanning wherecoefficients in the form of a two-dimensional block are scanned in a rowdirection may be used instead of zig-zag scanning. In other words, whichscanning method among zig-zag scanning, vertical scanning, andhorizontal scanning is used may be determined depending on a size of atransform unit and an intra prediction mode.

An entropy encoding module 165 may perform entropy encoding based onvalues calculated by a rearrangement module 160. Entropy encoding mayuse various encoding methods such as Exponential Golomb,Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), and Context-AdaptiveBinary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC). In relation to this, an entropyencoding module 165 may encode residual value coefficient information ofa coding unit from a rearrangement module 160 and prediction modules 120and 125. In addition, according to the present disclosure, informationindicating that motion information is derived and used at a decoder sideand information on a technique used to derive motion information may besignaled and transmitted.

An inverse quantization module 140 and an inverse transform module 145may inversely quantize values quantized by a quantization module 135 andinversely transform values transformed by a transform module 130. Aresidual value generated by an inverse quantization module 140 and aninverse transform module 145 may be combined with a prediction unitpredicted through a motion prediction module, motion compensationmodule, and intra prediction module included in prediction modules 120and 125 to generate a reconstructed block.

A filter module 150 may include at least one of a deblocking filter, anoffset correction module, or an adaptive loop filter (ALF). A deblockingfilter may remove block distortion that occurs due to boundaries betweenblocks in a reconstructed picture. An offset correction module maycorrect offset with respect to an original image in a unit of a pixel ina deblocking filtered image. In order to perform offset correction on aparticular picture, a method of applying offset in consideration of edgeinformation of each pixel or a method of partitioning pixels included inan image into the predetermined number of regions, determining a regionto be subjected to perform offset, and applying the offset to thedetermined region may be used. Adaptive loop filtering (ALF) may beperformed based on a value obtained by comparing a filteredreconstructed image and an original image. After partitioning pixelsincluded in an image into predetermined groups, one filter to be appliedto the corresponding group may be determined, and filtering may beperformed differentially for each group.

A memory 155 may store a reconstructed block or picture calculatedthrough a filter module 150. The stored reconstructed block or picturemay be provided to prediction modules 120 and 125 in performing interprediction.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an image decoding apparatus accordingto the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, an apparatus 200 for decoding a video may include:an entropy decoding module 210, a rearrangement module 215, an inversequantization module 220, an inverse transform module 225, predictionmodules 230 and 235, a filter module 240, and a memory 245.

When a video bitstream is input to an apparatus for decoding a video,the input bitstream may be decoded according to an inverse process of anapparatus for encoding a video.

An entropy decoding module 210 may perform entropy decoding according toan inverse process of entropy encoding by an entropy encoding module ofa video encoding apparatus. For example, corresponding to methodsperformed by a video encoding apparatus, various methods such asExponential Golomb, Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), andContext-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) may be applied.

An entropy decoding module 210 may decode information on intraprediction and inter prediction performed by an encoding apparatus.

A rearrangement module 215 may perform rearrangement on a bitstreamentropy decoded by an entropy decoding module 210 based on arearrangement method used in an encoding apparatus. A rearrangementmodule may reconstruct and rearrange coefficients in the form of aone-dimensional vector to coefficients in the form of a two-dimensionalblock.

An inverse quantization module 220 may perform inverse quantizationbased on a quantization parameter received from an encoding apparatusand rearranged coefficients of a block.

An inverse transform module 225 may perform inverse transform, i.e.,inverse DCT, inverse DST, and inverse KLT, which corresponds to atransform, i.e., DCT, DST, and KLT, performed by a transform module, ona quantization result by an apparatus for encoding a video. Inversetransform may be performed based on a transmission unit determined by avideo encoding apparatus. In an inverse transform module 225 of a videodecoding apparatus, transform schemes (e.g., DCT, DST, and KLT) may beselectively performed depending on multiple pieces of information suchas a prediction method, a size of a current block, and a predictiondirection.

Prediction modules 230 and 235 may generate a prediction block based oninformation on prediction block generation received from an entropydecoding module 210 and information on a previously decoded block orpicture received from a memory 245.

As described above, if a size of a prediction unit and a size of atransform unit are the same when intra prediction is performed in thesame manner as an operation of a video encoding apparatus, intraprediction may be performed on a prediction unit based on pixelsexisting on the left, upper left, and top of a prediction unit. However,if the size of the prediction unit and the size of the transform unitare different when the intra prediction is performed, intra predictionmay be performed using a reference pixel based on a transform unit. Inaddition, intra prediction using N×N division may be used only for theminimum coding unit.

Prediction modules 230 and 235 may include a prediction unitdetermination module, an inter prediction module, and an intraprediction module. A prediction unit determination module may receive avariety of information, such as prediction unit information, predictionmode information of an intra prediction method, and information onmotion prediction of an inter prediction method, from an entropydecoding module 210, may divide a current coding unit into predictionunits, and may determine whether inter prediction or intra prediction isperformed on the prediction unit. On the other hand, if an encoder 100does not transmit information related to motion prediction for interprediction, but transmit information indicating that motion informationis derived and used from the side of a decoder and information about atechnique used for deriving motion information, the prediction unitdetermination module determines prediction performance of an interprediction module 230 based on the information transmitted from theencoder 100.

An inter prediction module 230 may perform inter prediction on a currentprediction unit based on information of at least one of a previouspicture or a subsequent picture of the current picture including thecurrent prediction unit using information required for inter predictionof the current prediction unit provided by a video encoding apparatus.In order to perform inter prediction, an inter prediction mode of aprediction unit included in a corresponding coding unit may bedetermined based on the coding unit. With respect to the interprediction mode, the aforementioned merge mode, AMVP mode, affine mode,current picture referencing mode, combined prediction mode, etc. may beequally used in the decoding apparatus, and a detailed descriptionthereof will be omitted herein. The inter prediction module 230 maydetermine the inter prediction mode of the current prediction unit witha predetermined priority, which will be described with reference toFIGS. 16 to 18.

An intra prediction module 235 may generate a prediction block based onpixel information in a current picture. When a prediction unit is aprediction unit subjected to intra prediction, intra prediction may beperformed based on intra prediction mode information of the predictionunit received from a video encoding apparatus. An intra predictionmodule 235 may include an adaptive intra smoothing (AIS) filter, areference pixel interpolation module, and a DC filter. An AIS filterperforms filtering on a reference pixel of a current block, and whetherto apply the filter may be determined depending on a prediction mode ofa current prediction unit. AIS filtering may be performed on a referencepixel of a current block by using a prediction mode of a prediction unitand AIS filter information received from an apparatus for encoding avideo. When a prediction mode of a current block is a mode where AISfiltering is not performed, an AIS filter may not be applied.

When a prediction mode of a prediction unit is a prediction unit thatperforms intra prediction based on a pixel value interpolated by areference pixel, a reference pixel interpolation module may interpolatea reference pixel to generate a reference pixel in a unit of pixel equalto an integer pixel or less than the integer pixel. When a predictionmode of a current prediction unit is a prediction mode in which aprediction block is generated without interpolating a reference pixel, areference pixel may not be interpolated. A DC filter may generate aprediction block through filtering when a prediction mode of a currentblock is a DC mode.

A reconstructed block or picture may be provided to a filter module 240.A filter module 240 may include a deblocking filter, an offsetcorrection module, and an ALF.

A deblocking filter of a video decoding apparatus may receiveinformation on a deblocking filter from a video encoding apparatus, andmay perform deblocking filtering on a corresponding block.

An offset correction module may perform offset correction on areconstructed image based on a type of offset correction and offsetvalue information applied to an image in performing encoding. An ALF maybe applied to a coding unit based on information on whether to apply theALF, ALF coefficient information, etc. received from an encodingapparatus. The ALF information may be provided as being included in aparticular parameter set.

A memory 245 may store a reconstructed picture or block for use as areference picture or block, and may provide a reconstructed picture toan output module.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for signalingvarious parameters applicable to each picture or slice, such as anadaptive loop filter, a reshaper, quantization (scaling), and weightedprediction among video coding techniques, in one parameter set.

Also, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus formanaging the parameter set in a list form in a video decoder.

A parameter to be applied in a predetermined image unit may betransmitted using one parameter set pre-defined in the encoding/decodingapparatus. The image unit may be at least one of a video sequence, apicture, a slice, a tile, or a brick. For example, parameters applicableto each picture or slice, such as an adaptive loop filter and areshaper, may be transmitted using one predefined parameter set. In thiscase, one parameter set is used, but an additional signaling method forthe type of the parameter set may be used. Since different types aresignaled using the one parameter set, a parameter set identifier (ID) ora parameter set management list may be shared even if the types ofparameter sets are different. In the present disclosure, in transmittingvarious types of parameters using the same parameter set, a method andan apparatus for sharing a parameter set identifier and a list orindependently managing them are proposed.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a syntax table of an adaptation parameterset (APS).

The adaptation parameter set integrally defines/manages parameters foreach APS type and is a parameter set for using/managing parameters bysignaling only the identifier (ID) of the parameter set used in thecorresponding image unit in the header of the corresponding image unit.That is, by using the adaptation parameter set, it may be omitted todefine various parameters applied to the above-described predeterminedimage unit (e.g., one or more pictures, one or more slices) as separateparameter sets and signal them in units of images.

For example, various parameters applied to the one or more pictures orone or more slices include a filter parameter for an adaptive loopfilter (ALF), a mapping model-related parameter for a reshaper (LMCS:luma mapping with chroma scaling), etc.

In addition, a weight-related parameter for weighted prediction and aparameter for block structure may also be included. Alternatively, apicture (or slice, tile, etc.) division-related parameter, a parameterrelated to a reference picture set or reference structure, aquantization-related parameter, a transform-related parameter, otherin-loop filter-related parameter, etc. may also be included. Aquantization-related parameter and an APS type therefor, aweight-related parameter and an APS type therefor, a parameter for ablock structure and an APS type therefor, etc. will be described laterin detail in the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 3, according to an embodiment of the adaptationparameter set syntax table, adaptation_parameter_set_id 301, which is anidentifier for the adaptation parameter set, may be signaled.

The signaling of the adaptation parameter set identifier 301 may meanassigning a unique specific value (number) to each of one or moreadaptation parameter sets transmitted through one video stream. Theadaptation parameter set identifier 301 may mean information forspecifying any one of a plurality of adaptation parameter setspre-defined in the encoding/decoding apparatus.

In this case, the adaptation parameter set identifier may be expressedas a value from 0 to 2N−1, and may be transmitted using bits having afixed length of N bits. In this case, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, N may be one of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. In the syntaxtable shown in FIG. 3, an embodiment where N is 3 is shown.

The adaptation parameter set identifier 301 may use a single numericstring despite being of different adaptation parameter set types withoutdependence from the adaptation parameter set type 302 to be describedlater.

Alternatively, in the case of different adaptation parameter set types,a separate numeric string may be used for each adaptation parameter settype. That is, the adaptation parameter set identifier 301 may bedefined with dependence on the adaptation parameter set type 302.

In an embodiment, when the adaptation parameter set identifier 301dependent on the adaptation parameter set type 302 is used, theadaptation parameter set identifier 301 for the ALF adaptation parameterset type may have any one value of 0 to 7. The adaptation parameter setidentifier 301 for the LMCS adaptation parameter set type may have anyone of 0 to 3. The adaptation parameter set identifier 301 for thequantization adaptation parameter set type may have any one of 0 to 7.In this case, parameter sets having different adaptation parameter settypes 302 may use the same value. In an embodiment, the same value maybe used for the adaptation parameter set identifier for the ALF(ALF_APS_ID) and the adaptation parameter set identifier for the LMCS(LMCS_APS_ID). Similarly, the same value may be used for the adaptationparameter set identifier for ALF (ALF_APS_ID) and the adaptationparameter set identifier for quantization (SCALING_APS_ID).

As shown in FIG. 3, according to an embodiment of the APS syntax table,aps_params_type 302, which is information on the APS type that specifiesthe type of parameter included in the corresponding APS, may besignaled.

As the APS type, an ALF APS type indicating a parameter for an ALF, anLMCS APS type indicating a parameter for an LMCS, and the like may bedefined. As described above, a SCALING APS type indicating aquantization-related parameter may be additionally defined.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, parametersincluded in the corresponding APS may be different depending on the APStype, and an additional parameter related syntax parsing process for thecorresponding APS type may be performed according to the APS type.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the current APS type is ALF_APS, theALF-related parameter may be parsed by calling alf_data( ) 303, and whenthe current APS type is LMCS_APS, lmcs_data( ) 304 may be called toparse the LMCS-related parameter. If the current APS type isSCALING_APS, the quantization-related parameter may be parsed by callingscaling_list_data( ).

Specifically, when the current APS type is ALF_APS, the ALF-relatedparameter may be extracted by calling the alf_data( ) function. Theparameter extraction may be performed based on the above-describedidentifier 301. To this end, in the alf_data( ) function, theALF-related parameter may be defined for each identifier 310, and theALF-related parameter corresponding to the corresponding identifier 310may be extracted. Alternatively, the parameter extraction may beperformed without dependence on the identifier 301 described above.Similarly, when the current APS type is LMCS_APS, the LMCS-relatedparameter may be extracted by calling the lmcs_data( ) function. In thelmcs_data( ) function, the LMCS-related parameter may be defined foreach identifier 310. In this case, the LMCS-related parametercorresponding to the identifier 301 may be extracted. Alternatively, theparameter extraction may be performed without dependence on theabove-described identifier 301. If the current APS type is SCALING_APS,the quantization-related parameter may be extracted by calling thescaling_list_data( ) function. In the scaling_list_data( ) function, thequantization-related parameter may be defined for each identifier 310.In this case, the quantization-related parameter corresponding to theidentifier 301 may be extracted. Alternatively, the parameter extractionmay be performed without dependence on the above-described identifier301.

In addition, at least one of the ALF-related parameter, the LMCS-relatedparameter, or the quantization-related parameter may be extracted withdependence on the identifier 301, and the rest may be extracted withoutdependence on the identifier 301. However, the present disclosure is notlimited thereto, and all of the ALF, LMCS, and quantization-relatedparameters may be extracted with dependence on the identifier 301, orall may be extracted without dependence on the identifier 301.

Whether it depends on the identifier 301 may be selectively determinedaccording to the APS type. The selection may be pre-promised to theencoding/decoding apparatus, or may be determined based on the value ofthe identifier 301 or whether it is activated. This may beequally/similarly applicable to various APS types to be described later.

In addition to this, an APS type for weighted prediction, a blockstructure, and the like may be defined. An embodiment of an APS syntaxtable in which APS types for weight prediction and block structure aredefined will be described later in detail.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a syntax table for transmission andparsing of a quantization-related parameter.

Referring to FIG. 4, a copy mode flag (scaling_list_copy_mode_flag) maybe signaled. The copy mode flag may indicate whether a scaling list isobtained based on a copy mode. For example, when the copy mode flag is afirst value, the copy mode may be used, otherwise, the copy mode may notbe used. The copy mode flag may be parsed based on the identifier (id).Here, the identifier (id) is information derived based on the encodingparameter of the current block, which will be described later in detailwith reference to FIG. 5.

Referring to FIG. 4, a prediction mode flag(scaling_list_pred_mode_flag) may be signaled. The prediction mode flagmay indicate whether the scaling list is obtained based on a predictionmode. For example, when the prediction mode flag is a first value, theprediction mode may be used, otherwise, the prediction mode may not beused. The prediction mode flag may be parsed based on the copy modeflag. That is, it can be parsed only when the copy mode is not usedaccording to the copy mode flag.

Referring to FIG. 4, a delta identifier (scaling_list_pred_id_delta) maybe signaled. The delta identifier may be information for specifying areference scaling list to be used to obtain the scaling list. The deltaidentifier may be signaled only when the copy mode is used according tothe aforementioned copy mode flag or the prediction mode is usedaccording to the prediction mode flag. Additionally, the deltaidentifier is signaled by further considering the above-describedidentifier (id), for example, as shown in FIG. 4, it may be signaledonly when the identifier (id) does not correspond to a value (0, 2, 8)pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. In other words, the deltaidentifier may not be signaled when the maximum value of the width andheight of the current block are 4 or 8, the component type of thecurrent block is the luminance component, and the prediction mode of thecurrent block is the intra mode.

Referring to FIG. 4, differential coefficient information(scaling_list_delta_coef) may be signaled. The differential coefficientinformation may refer to information encoded to specify a differencebetween a current coefficient and a previous coefficient of the scalinglist. The differential coefficient information may be signaled only whenthe copy mode is not used according to the copy mode flag. That is, thedifferential coefficient information may be used in a prediction modeand a transmission mode, which will be described later.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a method for reconstructing a residualblock based on a quantization-related parameter.

Referring to FIG. 5, a bitstream may be decoded to obtain a transformcoefficient of the current block (S500).

Here, the transform coefficient may mean a coefficient obtained byperforming transform and quantization on the residual sample in theencoding apparatus. Alternatively, the transform coefficient may mean acoefficient obtained by skipping a transform on the residual sample andperforming only quantization. A transform coefficient may be variouslyexpressed as a coefficient, a residual coefficient, a transformcoefficient level, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 5, inverse-quantization may be performed on theobtained transform coefficient to obtain an inverse-quantized transformcoefficient (S510).

Specifically, the inverse-quantized transform coefficient may be derivedby applying a predetermined scaling factor (hereinafter, referred to asa final scaling factor) to the transform coefficient. Here, the finalscaling factor may be derived by applying a predetermined weight to theinitial scaling factor.

The initial scaling factor may be determined based on a scaling listcorresponding to an identifier (hereinafter, referred to as a firstidentifier) of the current block. The decoding apparatus may derive thefirst identifier based on the encoding parameter of the current block.The encoding parameter may include at least one of a prediction mode, acomponent type, a size, a shape, a transform type, or whether to skiptransform. The size of the current block may be expressed as width,height, sum of width and height, product of width and height, or amaximum/minimum value of width and height. For example, the firstidentifier may be derived as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 max(nTbW, nTbH) 2 4 8 16 32 64 predMode = cIdx = 0 (Y) — 2  8 1420 26 MODE_INTRA cIdx = 1 (Cb) — 3  9 15 21 21 cIdx = 2 (Cr) — 4 10 1622 22 predMode = cIdx = 0 (Y) — 5 11 17 23 27 MODE_INTER cIdx = 1 (Cb) 06 12 18 24 24 cIdx = 2 (Cr) 1 7 13 19 25 25

Referring to Table 1, the first identifier may have any one of 0 to 27.The first identifier may be adaptively derived according to a maximumvalue among a width (nTbW) and a height (nTbH) of the current block, aprediction mode (predMode), and a component type (cIdx).

The scaling list according to the present disclosure has the form of anM×N matrix, and M and N may be the same or different. Each component ofthe matrix may be called as a coefficient or a matrix coefficient. Thesize of the matrix may be variably determined based on the firstidentifier of the current block. Specifically, when the first identifieris less than a first threshold size, at least one of M and N may bedetermined to be 2, and when the first identifier is greater than orequal to the first threshold size and less than a second threshold size,at least one of M and N may be determined to be 4. When the firstidentifier is greater than the second threshold size, at least one of Mand N may be determined to be 8. Here, the first threshold size may bean integer of 2, 3, 4, 5 or more, and the second threshold size may bean integer of 8, 9, 10, 11 or more.

A scaling list for inverse-quantization of the current block may bederived based on a quantization-related parameter. As shown in FIG. 4,the quantization-related parameter may include at least one of a copymode flag, a prediction mode flag, a delta identifier, or differentialcoefficient information.

The quantization-related parameter may be signaled in an adaptationparameter set (APS). The adaptation parameter set may mean a syntaxstructure including parameters to be applied to a picture and/or aslice.

For example, one adaptation parameter set may be signaled through abitstream, and a plurality of adaptation parameter sets may be signaledthrough the bitstream. Here, the plurality of adaptation parameter setsmay be identified by the adaptation parameter set identifier 301. Eachadaptation parameter set may have a different adaptation parameter setidentifier 301.

The quantization-related parameter for the scaling list of the currentblock may be signaled from an adaptation parameter set specified by apredetermined identifier (hereinafter referred to as a secondidentifier) among a plurality of adaptation parameter sets. The secondidentifier is information encoded to specify any one of a plurality ofadaptation parameter sets, and may be signaled in a predetermined imageunit (picture, slice, tile, or block). The second identifier is signaledin the header of the corresponding image unit, and the correspondingimage unit may obtain a scaling list using a quantization-relatedparameter extracted from an adaptation parameter set corresponding tothe second identifier. Hereinafter, a method of obtaining a scaling listbased on a quantization-related parameter will be described.

1. In Case of Copy Mode

In the copy mode, the scaling list of the current block may be set to bethe same as the scaling list (i.e., the reference scaling list)corresponding to the reference identifier. Here, the referenceidentifier may be derived based on the first identifier of the currentblock and a predetermined delta identifier. The delta identifier may beinformation encoded and signaled by the encoding apparatus to identifythe reference scaling list. For example, the reference identifier may beset as a difference value between the first identifier of the currentblock and the delta identifier.

However, when the derived reference identifier is the same as the firstidentifier (i.e., the value of the delta identifier is 0), the scalinglist of the current block may be set to be the same as the defaultscaling list. The default scaling list is pre-defined in the decodingapparatus, and each coefficient of the default scaling list may have apredetermined constant value (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16).

The copy mode may be used based on a copy mode flag indicating whetherthe copy mode is used. For example, if the copy mode flag is a firstvalue, the copy mode may be used, otherwise, the copy mode may not beused.

2. In Case of Prediction Mode

In the case of the prediction mode, the scaling list of the currentblock may be determined based on the prediction scaling list and thedifferential scaling list. Here, the prediction scaling list may bederived based on the aforementioned reference scaling list. That is, thereference scaling list specified by the first identifier of the currentblock and the delta identifier may be set as the prediction scalinglist. However, as described above, when the derived reference identifieris the same as the first identifier (i.e., the value of the deltaidentifier is 0), the prediction scaling list may be determined based onthe default scaling list.

The differential scaling list also has the form of an M×N matrix, andeach coefficient of the matrix may be derived based on differentialcoefficient information signaled from a bitstream. For example,differential coefficient information that is a difference between theprevious coefficient and the current coefficient may be signaled, andthe current coefficient may be obtained using the signaled differentialcoefficient information and the previous coefficient. Through theabove-described process, at least one coefficient of the differentialscaling list may be restored. The scaling list of the current block maybe determined by adding the prediction scaling list and the differentialscaling list.

However, the prediction mode may be used based on a prediction mode flagindicating whether the prediction mode is used. For example, if theprediction mode flag is a first value, the prediction mode may be used,otherwise, the prediction mode may not be used.

3. In Case of Transmission Mode

At least one coefficient in the scaling list of the current block may bederived based on differential coefficient information signaled by theencoding apparatus. Here, the signaled differential coefficientinformation may be used to determine a differential coefficient that isa difference between a previous coefficient and a current coefficient.That is, the current coefficient of the scaling list may be derivedusing signaled differential coefficient information and the previouscoefficient, and the scaling list of the current block may be obtainedthrough this process.

Additionally, a predetermined offset may be applied to at least onecoefficient belonging to the obtained scaling list. Here, the offset maybe a fixed constant value (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16) pre-promised to thedecoding apparatus. For example, by adding the offset to at least onecoefficient of the pre-obtained scaling list, a final scaling list forinverse-quantization may be obtained.

However, the transmission mode may be used only when the aforementionedcopy mode and prediction mode are not used according to the copy modeflag and the prediction mode flag.

Meanwhile, the aforementioned weight may be obtained from a weightcandidate list pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. The weightcandidate list may include one or more weight candidates. Any one of theweight candidates belonging to the weight candidate list may be set asthe weight.

For example, the weight candidate list may consist of six weightcandidates. The weight candidate list may be defined as {40, 45, 51, 57,64, 72} or {57, 64, 72, 80, 90, 102}. However, the present disclosure isnot limited thereto, and the number of weight candidates may be 2, 3, 4,5, 7, or more. Alternatively, the weight candidate list may include aweight candidate of a value less than 40 or a weight candidate of avalue greater than 102.

The number of pre-defined weight candidate lists may be one, or two ormore. When a plurality of weight candidate lists are defined, any oneweight candidate list may be selectively used. In this case, theselection may be performed in consideration of the encoding parametersof the current block. The encoding parameters are the same as describedabove, and redundant descriptions will be omitted.

For example, it is assumed that the pre-defined weight candidate listsinclude {40, 45, 51, 57, 64, 72} (hereinafter referred to as a firstlist) and {57, 64, 72, 80, 90, 102} (hereinafter, referred to as asecond list). If the current block is a block coded by a transform skip,the first list may be used, otherwise, the second list may be used.Alternatively, if the shape of the current block is a square, the firstlist may be used, otherwise, the second list may be used. Alternatively,if the current block is a block coded by a transform skip, the firstlist is used. Otherwise, as described above, the first list or thesecond list may be selectively used according to the shape of thecurrent block.

Referring to FIG. 5, the residual block of the current block may bereconstructed based on the inverse-quantized transform coefficient(S520).

When the transform skip is not applied, the residual block may bereconstructed by performing inverse-transform on the inverse-quantizedtransform coefficients. On the other hand, when the transform skip isapplied, the residual block may be reconstructed by setting theinverse-quantized transform coefficient as the residual sample.

The above-described reconstruction process of the residual block may beperformed in the same/similar manner in the encoding apparatus, and aredundant description will be omitted.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an APS syntax table towhich an APS type for weight prediction is added.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, parameters forweight prediction may be signaled and parsed using APS. In addition, anAPS type for transmitting a parameter for weight prediction may bedefined, and may be mapped to one number from 0 to 2N−1. Here, N may beone of 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 corresponds toa case in which N is 3.

When the type of the corresponding APS is the parameter type for weightprediction, the step 600 of signaling or parsing the parameter forweight prediction may be added.

When the current APS type is WP_APS, a weight prediction-relatedparameter may be extracted by calling the pred_weight_table( ) function.The pred_w_eight table( ) function may define only parameters related tounidirectional weight prediction or only parameters related tobidirectional weight prediction. Alternatively, the pred_weight_table( )function may define parameters related to unidirectional andbidirectional weight prediction, respectively. The pred_weight_table( )function may define at least one of a parameter related to implicitweight prediction or a parameter related to explicit weight prediction.

Meanwhile, the parameter extraction may be performed based on theabove-described identifier 301. To this end, in the pred_weight_table( )function, parameters related to weight prediction are defined for eachidentifier, and parameters related to weight prediction corresponding tothe corresponding identifier 301 may be extracted. Alternatively, theparameter extraction may be performed without dependence on theidentifier 301 described above.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an APS syntaxtable to which an APS type for weight prediction is added.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, parameters forweight prediction may be signaled and parsed using APS. Also, accordingto the direction of weight prediction, an APS type for transmitting aparameter for unidirectional weight prediction may be defined, and anAPS type for transmitting a parameter for bidirectional weightprediction may be separately defined. In addition, the APS type for theunidirectional weight prediction and the APS type for the bidirectionalweight prediction may be mapped to one number from 0 to 2N−1,respectively. Here, N may be one of 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the embodimentshown in FIG. 7 corresponds to a case in which N is 3.

When the type of the corresponding APS is one of the parameter types forweight prediction, the step 700 or 701 of signaling or parsing theparameter for weight prediction may be added.

A pred_weight_table( ) function for unidirectional weight prediction anda bipred_weight_table( ) function for bidirectional weight predictionmay be defined, respectively. When the current APS type is WP_APS, thepred_weight_table( ) function is called to extract the unidirectionalweight prediction-related parameter, and when the current APS type isWBP_APS, the bipred_weight_table( ) function is called to extract thebidirectional weight prediction-related parameter. The parameterextraction may be performed based on the above-described identifier 301.To this end, pred_weight_table( ) and bipred_weight_table( ) may definethe weight prediction-related parameter for each identifier, and theweight prediction-related parameter corresponding to the correspondingidentifier 301 may be extracted. Alternatively, the parameter extractionmay be performed without dependence on the identifier 301 describedabove.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an APS syntaxtable to which an APS type for weight prediction is added.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, parameters for weight prediction may be signaled and parsedusing APS. In addition, according to the direction of weight prediction,an APS type for transmitting a parameter for unidirectional weightprediction may be defined, and an APS type for transmitting a parameterfor bidirectional weight prediction may be separately defined. Inaddition, the APS type for the unidirectional weight prediction and theAPS type for the bidirectional weight prediction may be mapped to onenumber from 0 to 2N−1, respectively. Here, N may be one of 2, 3, 4, and5, and the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 correspond to a case inwhich N is 3.

When the type of the corresponding APS is one of the parameter types forweight prediction, the step 800 or 801 of signaling or parsing theparameter for weight prediction may be added.

Additionally, in FIG. 8, the signaling or parsing step may be performedby using the APS type for unidirectional or bidirectional prediction asan input in the parameter signaling or parsing step for weightprediction. The pred_weight_table( ) function may define a parameter forunidirectional weight prediction and a parameter for bidirectionalweight prediction, respectively. A parameter for weight predictioncorresponding to the aforementioned APS type 302 may be extracted.Alternatively, a parameter for bidirectional weighted prediction may bederived from a parameter for unidirectional weighted prediction.

In addition, the parameter extraction may be performed in considerationof the above-described identifier 301. To this end, pred_weight_table( )may define a weight prediction-related parameter for each identifier,and a weight prediction-related parameter corresponding to thecorresponding identifier 301 may be extracted. Alternatively, theparameter extraction may be performed without dependence on theidentifier 301 described above.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a syntax table fortransmission and parsing a parameter for weight prediction.

As a diagram showing an embodiment of the additional steps 800 and 801of signaling or parsing parameters for weight prediction shown in FIG.8, aps param type corresponding to the APS type may be used as input inthe step of signaling or parsing parameters for weight prediction.

In addition, when aps_param_type means bidirectional predictionaccording to the aps_param_type (901), an additional weighted predictionparameter signaling or parsing step 920 for bidirectional prediction maybe added.

In addition, when weight prediction using APS is performed, the numberof reference pictures (NumRefldxActive), etc. may use a pre-definedfixed value or refer to parameters, etc. for the reference picturestructure transmitted in advance.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an APS syntax tableto which an APS type for a block division structure is added.

It is a diagram for illustrating an embodiment of a new APS type inaddition to the APS syntax table shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. In FIG. 10, aparameter for a block division structure applicable to theabove-described image unit may be signaled or parsed using APS, and maybe signaled by defining an independent parameter type for the blockdivision structure.

As mentioned above in describing the details of the invention withrespect to FIGS. 3 and 6, aps_params_type 302, which is information onthe APS type that specifies the type of parameters included in the APS,may be signaled.

As the APS type, an ALF APS type indicating a parameter for the ALF, anLMCS APS type indicating a parameter for an LMCS, etc. may be defined.

In addition to this, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, an APS type for transmitting parameters for a block divisionstructure may be defined, and parameter transmission and parsing for theAPS type may be performed.

Also, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, parametersincluded in the corresponding APS may be different depending on the APStype, and an additional parameter-related syntax parsing process for thecorresponding APS type may be performed according to the APS type.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the current APS type is an APS type thattransmits a parameter for the block division structure, the step 1001 ofsignaling or parsing the parameter for the block division structure maybe additionally performed.

Also, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, parametersfor weight prediction may be signaled and parsed using APS. In addition,an APS type for transmitting a parameter for weight prediction may bedefined, and may be mapped to one number from 0 to 2N−1. Here, N may beone of 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 correspondsto a case where N is 3.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show embodiments of a syntax table for parameters for ablock structure additionally signaled or parsed when the current APStype is a parameter for a block division structure.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a syntax table in which a parameter for ablock division structure applicable to an image unit is signaled in oneparameter set together with parameters 1110 for a luma tree andparameters 1120 for a chroma tree when a specific condition issatisfied.

On the other hand, FIG. 12 show an embodiment of signaling informationon one block division structure by using the syntax of slice_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt, slice_log 2_diff_max_tt_min_qt for a case whereslice_log 2_diff_min_qt _min_cb, slice_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth, andslice_max_mtt_hierachy_depth is not 0, regardless of the luma or chromatree.

In the case of transmitting the block division structure using APS usingFIG. 12, in signaling or parsing the block division structure in theslice header, etc., one or more APS IDs for parameters for the blockdivision structure may be signaled or parsed according to at least oneof the type of the current slice or whether the chroma separate tree(CST) technique is used. The embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 13.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a part of a syntax table for a sliceheader in order to show an embodiment of APS signaling or parsing for ablock division structure in the slice header.

As described in the description of FIG. 12, when the block divisionstructure is transmitted using the APS, one or more APS IDs forparameters for the block division structure may be signaled or parsedaccording to at least one of the type of the current slice or whetherthe chroma separate tree (CST) technique in signaling or parsing theblock division structure in the slice header, etc.

As shown in FIG. 13, when CST is not applied, that is, when the lumatree and the chroma tree are used identically, the block divisionstructure parameter corresponding to the APS ID parsed inslice_mtt_aps_id 1300 is applies equally to the luma tree and the chromatree.

On the other hand, when CST is applied, that is, when the luma tree andthe chroma tree are used differently, the block division structureparameter corresponding to the APS ID parsed in slice_mtt_aps_id 1300 isapplied to the luma tree, and the block division structure parametercorresponding to the APS ID parsed in slice_mtt_chroma_aps_id 1310 isapplied to the chroma tree.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which the block division structure istransmitted in the slice header, but even when the block divisionstructure is signaled or parsed in a sequence parameter set (SPS), apicture parameter set (PPS), etc., it may be signaled or parsed as inthe example of the slice.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a concept of managing an APS usingdifferent lists according to APS types.

As described through the detailed description of FIG. 3, in the case ofdifferent adaptation parameter set types depending on the adaptationparameter set type 302, an adaptation parameter set identifier 301 maybe defined by using a separate numeric string for each adaptationparameter set type.

In an embodiment, when the adaptation parameter set identifier 301dependent on the adaptation parameter set type 302 is used, theadaptation parameter set identifier 301 for the ALF adaptation parameterset type may have any one value of 0 to 7. The adaptation parameter setidentifier 301 for the LMCS adaptation parameter set type may have anyone value of 0 to 3. The adaptation parameter set identifier 301 for thequantization adaptation parameter set type may have any one value of 0to 7. In this case, parameter sets having different adaptation parameterset types 302 may use the same value. In an embodiment, the same valuemay be used for the adaptation parameter set identifier for the ALF(ALF_APS_ID) and the adaptation parameter set identifier for the LMCS(LMCS_APS_ID). Similarly, the same value may be used for the adaptationparameter set identifier for ALF (ALF_APS_ID) and the adaptationparameter set identifier for quantization (SCALING_APS_ID).

The same APS ID is allocated to different APS types, and different listsfor each APS type may be used for management. Allocating the same APS_IDmeans that the interval of the identifier 301 value defined for each APStype may be the same or overlap with each other. That is, as in theabove example, ALF_APS_ID and SCALING_APS_ID may have any one of 0 to 7,and LMCS_APS_ID may have any one of 0 to 3. In this case, the sameAPS_ID may be allocated even to different APS types. As shown in FIG.14, for each APS type, a list for ALF_APS, a list for LMCS_APS, a listfor SCALING_APS, etc. are defined/used, respectively, and one or moreadaptation parameter sets having different identifiers (APS ID) may bedefined in each list. Here, the list may be interpreted as meaning aseparate region or space.

Different APS IDs may be allocated according to the APS type, andadaptation parameter sets may be managed using different lists. Adifferent APS_ID may be allocated to each APS type and managed using onelist. The same APS ID may be allocated to different APS types, and thesame list may be used to manage the APS types having the same APS_ID.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are not listed as listingall possible combinations, but are intended to describe representativeaspects of the present disclosure, and matters described in the variousembodiments may be applied independently or may be applied incombination of two or more.

In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may beimplemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.In the case of implementation by hardware, it can be implemented by oneor more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital SignalProcessors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs),Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), general processors, controllers, microcontroller,microprocessor, etc.

The scope of the present disclosure includes software ormachine-executable instructions (e.g., operating system, application,firmware, program, etc.) that allow an operation according to a methodof various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and anon-transitory computer-readable medium in which the software orinstructions are stored and executed on a device or a computer.

INDUSTRIAL AVAILABILITY

The present disclosure may be used to encode/decode an image signal.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of decoding an image signalincluding a current picture with a decoding apparatus, comprising:obtaining, with the decoding apparatus, coefficients of a current blockin the current picture from a bitstream; obtaining, with the decodingapparatus, inverse-quantized coefficients by performing, based on aquantization-related parameter from the bitstream, inverse-quantizationon the coefficients; and reconstructing, with the decoding apparatus, aresidual block of the current block based on the inverse-quantizedcoefficients, wherein the quantization-related parameter is obtainedfrom an adaptation parameter set (APS) included in the bitstream,wherein the adaptation parameter set includes at least one of parametertype information indicating a parameter type carried in the adaptationparameter set among a plurality of parameter types pre-defined in thedecoding apparatus or identification information for identifying one ofa plurality of parameter candidates defined for each of the parametertypes, wherein the plurality of parameter types include an ALF (adaptiveloop filter)-related parameter, a LMCS (luma mapping with chromascaling)-related parameter, and the quantization-related parameter,wherein, a value of the identification information is in a range of 0 to7 when the parameter type information indicates the ALF-relatedparameter or the quantization-related parameter, while a value of theidentification information is in a range of 0 to 3 when the parametertype information indicates the LMCS-related parameter, wherein theplurality of parameter types use a space separated from each other forthe identification information, and wherein one or more parametercandidates with different identification information are defined in thespace for each of the parameter types.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinobtaining the inverse-quantized coefficients comprises: obtaining, withthe decoding apparatus, a scaling list for the inverse-quantizationbased on the quantization-related parameter; deriving, with the decodingapparatus, a scaling factor based on the scaling list and apredetermined weight; and applying, with the decoding apparatus, thederived scaling factor to the coefficients of the current block.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, wherein the weight is obtained from one of weightcandidate lists pre-defined in the decoding apparatus.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein a number of the weight candidate lists pre-defined inthe decoding apparatus is greater than or equal to
 2. 5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the weight candidate lists consist of 6 or more weightcandidates.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a first list of the weightcandidate lists is representative of {40, 45, 51, 57, 64, 72} and asecond list of the weight candidate lists is representative of {57, 64,72, 80, 90, 102}.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein when the currentblock is a block encoded in a transform skip mode, the weight isobtained from the first list, and wherein when the current block is notthe block encoded in the transform skip mode, the weight is obtainedfrom the second list.
 8. A method of encoding an image signal includinga current picture with an encoding apparatus, comprising: obtaining,with the encoding apparatus, quantized coefficients of a current blockin the current picture from a residual signal of the current block; andgenerating, with the encoding apparatus, a bitstream including thequantized coefficients of the current block, wherein the quantizedcoefficients are obtained by performing quantization based on aquantization-related parameter, wherein the quantization-relatedparameter is encoded in an adaptation parameter set (APS) included inthe bitstream, wherein the adaptation parameter set includes at leastone of parameter type information indicating a parameter type carried inthe adaptation parameter set among a plurality of parameter typespre-defined in the encoding apparatus or identification information foridentifying one of a plurality of parameter candidates defined for eachof the parameter types, wherein the plurality of parameter types includean ALF (adaptive loop filter)-related parameter, a LMCS (luma mappingwith chroma scaling)-related parameter, and the quantization-relatedparameter, wherein, a value of the identification information is in arange of 0 to 7 when the parameter type information indicates theALF-related parameter or the quantization-related parameter, while avalue of the identification information is in a range of 0 to 3 when theparameter type information indicates the LMCS-related parameter, whereinthe plurality of parameter types use a space separated from each otherfor the identification information, and wherein one or more parametercandidates with different identification information are defined in thespace for each of the parameter types.
 9. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium for storing data associated with an imagesignal, comprising: a data stream encoded by an encoding method, whereinthe encoding method comprises: obtaining quantized coefficients of acurrent block in a current picture from a residual signal of the currentblock; and generating the data stream by encoding the quantizedcoefficients of the current block, wherein the quantized coefficientsare obtained by performing quantization based on a quantization-relatedparameter, wherein the quantization-related parameter is encoded in anadaptation parameter set (APS) included in the data stream, wherein theadaptation parameter set includes at least one of parameter typeinformation indicating a parameter type carried in the adaptationparameter set among a plurality of parameter types pre-defined in anencoding apparatus or identification information for identifying one ofa plurality of parameter candidates defined for each of the parametertypes, wherein the plurality of parameter types include an ALF (adaptiveloop filter)-related parameter, a LMCS (luma mapping with chromascaling)-related parameter, and the quantization-related parameter,wherein, a value of the identification information is in a range of 0 to7 when the parameter type information indicates the ALF-relatedparameter or the quantization-related parameter, while a value of theidentification information is in a range of 0 to 3 when the parametertype information indicates the LMCS-related parameter, wherein theplurality of parameter types use a space separated from each other forthe identification information, and wherein one or more parametercandidates with different identification information are defined in thespace for each of the parameter types.